Essay on The Moral Codes of Comitatus and Chivalry

The Moral Codes of Comitatus and Chivalry Throughout history, there have been different codes of ethics that are often more important to a society that the governing laws of the land. While laws are written standards that people are compelled to abide by for fear of punishment, these codes serve as guideline for how people should live their lives. Two such codes are comitatus as demonstrated in Beowulf and chivalry as depicted in Morte D’Arthur. When the characters in these stories live by the constructs of these social systems, the society flourishes. When characters stray from each social code, however, the entire society falls victim. Comitatus is a social system under which people serve their courageous leader no†¦show more content†¦Beowulf’s men, recognizing him as the chief also conform to the rules of comitatus when Beowulf is engaged in his battle with Grendel. While engaged in a struggle with Grendel in Heorot, Hrothgar’s great gathering hall, Beowulf’s men wake up. They immedia tely draw their swords and begin hacking at Grendel and persist in doing so despite the fact that Grendel is impervious to the blows of their swords. Despite the ineffectiveness of their attacks and the fear of a gruesome death, the soldiers, bound by comitatus, do not stop fighting until Beowulf kills Grendel. It is the failure to honor this code that nearly costs Beowulf his life however. After Grendel’s mother attacks Heorot, Beowulf once again sets out on a mission of vengeance for Hrothgar. Hrothgar promises Beowulf great treasure if he can kill Grendel’s mother. This in itself is a departure from comitatus, because having pledged allegiance to Hrothgar, Beowulf should not need the incentive of treasure. Fighting nobly is treasure enough. Beowulf then swims to the troll’s cave alone and engages in a massive one-on-one battle with Grendel’s mother. Although he eventually emerges victorious, society deems that he was weaker because he was fighting alon e. This departure from comitatus finally does result in the death of Beowulf in the finalShow MoreRelatedThe Truth Behind the Knight: the Presence of Archetypes in Sir Gawain the Green Knight2908 Words   |  12 Pagesinto knighthood. Needless to say, Gawain may have more questions than answers. Some of these questions can’t be answered unless he lived through the experience of a knight. Some of the characteristics of a Seeker lie in his faithfulness to the code of chivalry. An example would be when the Lady is vying for the attention of Sir Gawain. The Lady persists in her desires, perpetually being spurned by Sir Gawain. His passiveness is so lost on her that she is almost convinced that this is not the famed

Flint Michig Human Rights And The Environmental Racism

Flint Michigan originally got its water from Lake Huron in Detroit, but in April 2014 the emergency manager to cut costs and to save money by switching the water supply to the Flint River (Durando, How Water Crisis in Flint, Mich., Became Federal State of Emergency). Using this river as the water source of this town was a bad idea because it turned out to be highly corrosive and led to lead poisoning of many children. When residents complained about the color, smell, and the effects of the water on their bodies state officials told them that the water was safe for everyday use and that it was colored because of E. coli (Gupta, Our Mouths Were Ajar : Doctor s Fight to Expose Flint s Water Crisis). After numerous complaints about the†¦show more content†¦Access to clean water is a right not a privilege. The disregard of human rights can be seen in other countries like Africa and India where the people there are not guaranteed fresh water, but this is not covered by the media. Around the world 738 million people do not have access to clean, usable water, but that is also not covered in the media (UN Water, Facts and Figures). This is such a large issue is because it is happening in a first world country, but in reality it is history repeating itself. During colonial times, the conquering country was only worried about the monetary value that they could squeeze out of their colony not about the people that lived there. The people much like those in Flint are â€Å"treated as expendable resources† much like the indios during Spanish colonization (Peterson, 142). This is a concept that can be seen as continuity through out history, the conquered people were seen as just a means to get what the Eurocentric countries wanted and their basic rights were ignored. The ramifications of the disregard of human rights and looking at people as only a way to gain power or money is still there today affecting these countries now. The children of Flint much like the previously colonized countries have many obstacles to overcome in order to lead successful lives. Racism was also a factor in the Flint Water crisis; the residents in Flint were

Why Baseball Is the Most Difficult Sport Essay examples

Out of all the vast variety of sports there are, baseball is the most challenging and difficult sport to play. No other sport compares to the degree of difficulty that you have to deal with, like you do in playing the game of baseball. There are so many different elements that make this game the most difficult. Three major elements stick out in my mind as to why this wonderful sport is the toughest of all. The three main factors in my mind are the increased physical and hand eye coordination component, the mental aspect of this game, and the human interdependence between umpires, which are a vital part in every play. To play the game of baseball you have to be in great physical shape. You also need to have an exceptional amount of†¦show more content†¦In the game of baseball more than any other sport, you really have to focus and think about what you’re doing on every single play. 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Oil and Gas Management SR Ltd

Question: Discuss the Oil and gas management in SR Ltd? Answer: 1. Introduction SR Ltd is one of the operating companies in Oil and Gas Exploration and Production service industry. As per the financial reports of 2014, the company had seven operating fields for exploration of oil and gas resources (Oilandgasuk.co.uk,2015). In the year 2015, the company acquired the right for test drill on three of the oil fields in Edwina, Felicity and Georgia. However since the company is trading in exploration of the sustainable fossil fuels hence the company has to engage huge capital for the purpose of test drilling and production of oil and gas in different fields. The report here focuses on the various challenges faced by SR ltd in execution of the test drilling process. After the initial analysis of the problems, the report seeks to provide certain recommendations to the management on various legal, financial and ethical aspects (Zhao et al. 2010). 2. Summarization of the issues of SR Ltd Similar to the other operating companies in the EP industry, SR Ltd is also facing a large number of challenges that may be summarized as follows: Lack of efficient financial and managerial capacity to test drill in the three new fields The possibilities of Farm-in and Farm-out Sustainability issues regarding the finite resources of oil and gas in which SR Ltd is dealing Corporate governance issues related to the practices of the outsourcer company- BoringHoles UK (Theodoropoulos, 2010) Summary of the ethical prospects within the issues Ethical challenge faced by the counterattack of CareGreen party that needs to be kept satisfied as per the Stakeholder analysis Comprehensive issue concerning the non renewable nature of oil and gas which may threaten the long term future of SR Ltd failure to maintain honesty and integrity as stated in the CSR policy of SR Ltd by forgoing the forgery issue of the outsourcer company BoringHoles UK (Kammen et al. 2004) Brief insight on the challenges Financial issue: The major issue haunting the management of SR Ltd is the availability of the adequate financial resources to compote the test drill in the newly acquired fields. The fields are all reported to be in shallow water. The average cost of drilling each shallow water production is around $ 30 million. Moreover, the actual production can commence only after the position and the size of the oil reserves are identified with the help of the test drill. Hence, this will involve huge financial costs for SR Ltd. Managerial issue: Although negligent, however SR Ltd also faces challenges related to recruitment and retention of required labor force for the test drillings in shallow waters. The huge numbers of oil and gas leakages accidents have contributed to the employee turnover rate in Sr Ltd (Jin and Jorion, 2006). Farm Out offer: Considering the financial constraint, SR Ltd has also decided to avail the farm out option to Drill Well. However, the company was facing problems with the option payment terms of DW and was apprehensive about the deal Sustainability issue: The protest of the Care Green party against the potential threats of the sustainable resources used by the companies in EP industry is creating a negative publicity for SR Ltd and is threatening the long-term future of the company. Corporate governance issue: The unethical signature forgery by the major outsourcer Boring Holes UK has also questioned the ethical integrity and honesty o SR Ltd as mentioned within their CSR reports (Hall and Vredenburg, 2012). 3. Evaluation of the issues 3.1 Financial issue As per the predicated financial forecast of the SR Ltd, the company needs to maintain 63 US$ million of cash needs in order to start the drilling tests in the three newly acquired fields. The company has thus considered the option of right issue and commercial loans in case of sourcing of finance for the cash needs of the new fields. The critical analysis of the article 1 shows that the shareholders of the Forglass, a fracking company were unhappy with cash call and unwilling to provide extra investment. If SR Ltd considers the option of right issue then the company may face the same problem with the shareholders as mentioned in the article (Armaroli and Balzani, 2011). The shareholders of SR Ltd may not be interested in making an extra investment considering the fact that the company has not yet made the dividend payments and has only declared to make a dividend payment of US $ 10 million at the beginning of the financial year of 2015. Thus, if the company continues to increase the equity through right shares then the return on total equity may decrease and the shareholders interest may be affected (Wei et al. 2010). Article 2 reports that majority of the banks are short of funds and are not ready to take risks related to commercial loans to the EP industries (Keller, 2012). Considering the predictions made by the financial manager of SR Ltd the gross operating profits are predicted to increase 48% considering an average increase in the oil prices by 5%. This shows that the companys operating profit for the year 2015 may rise which will make SR ltd eligible under the conditions of Bank of England to secure commercial loans. However, this long term liability will also give rise to potential amount of interest payments for the company in the long term (zhang, 2012). 3.2 Farm out offer Considering the financial problems faced by SR Ltd in respect of securing loan and right issues, the company offered a farm out option to the Drill Well (DW). As per the farm out deal DW agreed to make payments to SR Ltd in installments helping the company to commence with the drilling process. DW will make initial payment of US$ 2 Million on signing of the Georgia Test Drilling license. The next payment of US $ 2 million will be made at the commencement of the test drilling and the final US $ 6 million will be made on completion of test drilling for the purpose of oil production. However, in lieu of the investment of US $ 10 million, DW has made an offer to buy the proven reserves of Georgia at 10% discount than the current price that is US $ 11 Million per MMbbl (gas or oil) (He et al.2010). The problem thus faced by SR Ltd is that according to the geological surveys, the field of Georgia may yield around 8 to 10 MMbbl oil and gas that means that under the current price SR Ltd will have a gain of either US $ 88 million or US $ 110 million. Thus if the company avails the farm out offer then the company will lose on the revenue from the Georgia field. However DW also proposes that the price of the proven reserves will remain fixed at US $ 11 million irrespective of the changes in the price levels of oil and gas. Now considering this situation, the prices of the oil and gas are forecasted to increase by an average of 5%, which may be a revenue loss for DW. However SR Ltd will not sustain high loss in this regard. 3.3 Outsourcer Boring Holes UK In this section SR Ltd has to deal with the dual thought concerning the ethical punishment that the company should give to the major outsourcer company for their act of signature forgery. Although SR ltd has taken the decision to forgo the actions of BoringHoles UK, however as per section 1 of the Forgery and Counterfeiting Act 1981 and Fraud Act 2006, the management at BoringHoles UK is legally punishable in the court of law. If SR Ltd forgoes the actions then the company may have to face future legal actions on the contrary if the company takes legal actions the company may lose an essential outsourcer, which may add to the problems of the company. However, the forgery of the signature done by the manger of BoringHoles UK on the control supervision log sheet did not cause any physical or monetary damage to SR Ltd. 3.4 Protest by the CareGreen party The stakeholder analysis of SR Ltd reveals that the company needs to keep the government and the social care organizations satisfied in terms of ethical considerations because the acts of the government and social organizations like CareGreen have high influence on the share price of the company (Yang, 2008). The protest by the CareGreen Party against the EP companies for their extensive exploitation of the finite fossil fuels has made the management of SR Ltd apprehensive about the image of the company. Thus to prevent a fall of the share prices and to retain the employees SR Ltd needs to take preventive actions. 4. Recommendations on the Issues The following reasonable recommendations can be given to SR Ltd after considering the various challenges. For financing options SR Ltd can opt for Mezzanine financing options which is a very common financial option availed by majority of the companies in EP industry. This option will give SR Ltd to acquire capital through loans (Christoff, 2011). The mezzanine financing loans will be readily available to SR Ltd because the lenders in this type of financing generally provides loan on the condition that if the company fails to pay the loan amount then the lender will acquire ownership of the shares of the company (Kaygusuz, 2002). In considering the farm out options, it may be suggested that since the financial options are very low for SR Ltd hence the company should accept the farm out option. Sr Ltd may in this respect get low revenues from the Georgia field however, an investments of US $ 10 million will prove to be effective for the drilling operations of SR Ltd. However SR Ltd may try to negotiate with DW on the discounted part of the contract term and may negotiate to reduce the discount rates. The reports of OPEC shows that the future demand for fossil fuels are likely to increase by 597% and the total exploration for the fossil fuels needs to be increased by 30 to 50% annually in order to meet the consumer requirements (Odi.org, 2015). Thus in order to manage the social organizations like Care Green, SR Ltd should generate a CSR report stating the future demands and also publish the reports of OPEC along with the CSR reports. SR Ltd in this regard needs to make affirmative media statements confirming that the company is not exploiting the finite resources rather the company is trying to produce the most economically used and valued resource that is oil and gas. SR Ltd should also confirm that they follow the norms under the ISO14000 and avoids drilling on roads thereby accepting the fields that are immersed in shallow water (Tordo et al.2010). The CSR activities of SR Ltd should also highlight activities like prevention of marine pollution, prevention of oil accidents, an d maintenance of health and safety policies in workplace, performance evaluation of the drilling machines and abiding of the environmental protection acts. In order to retain the employees and to make a positive image SR Ltd needs to make positive media presence. This includes displaying of video campaigns focusing on the lame conditions of the world in lack of oil and gas. Workplace videos should be made to show the potential applicants the benefits of working in an EP company. Finally, to fix the legal problem, the company may issue a legal warning notice to the management of BoringHoles UK mentioning that any future acts of forgery will cancel the contract between the outsourcer and SR Ltd. Moreover, in order to avoid future repeat of the same action, SR Ltd should place a high-level supervisor from within the internal employees in BoringHoles UK. Since the company did not suffer any physical or monetary loss for the act of forgery hence under the Forgery and Counterfeiting act the management of BoringHoles UK is not legally punishable. Reference list Armaroli, N., and Balzani, V. (2011). Energy for a sustainable world.Wiley-VCH, Weinheim. Christoff, J. (2011).Firms reported in open sources as having commercial activity in Iran's oil, gas, and petrochemical sectors. Washington, DC: U.S. Govt. Accountability Office. Hall, J., and Vredenburg, H. (2012). The challenges of innovating for sustainable development.MIT Sloan Management Review,45(1). 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